Techniques (recommended)

Contents

1 Definition
2 Other possible database element names
3 Text/URI
4 Repeatable
5 Obligation level
6 Recording notes
7 Terminology recommendation
8 Examples
9 Expression in LIDO v1.0
10 Expression in LIDO v1.1
11 Comparison with relevant standards and database models
12 ID data element

Definition

Indication of the technique used in the production, preparation or preservation/storage of the object or work

Other possible database element names

Production technique

Type of preparation

Type of storage

Text/URI

Text (controlled vocabulary) and/or URI

Repeatable

Yes

Obligation level

Recommended

Recording notes

This data element indicates the techniques with which the object was produced, prepared or preserved/stored. Controlled vocabulary is recommended. This supports better findability in portals.

Terminology recommendation

Art & Architecture Thesaurus: Activities Facet, hierarchy name: Processes and Techniques

Integrated Authority File (GND, German National Library): The following search interfaces provide a convenient way to search the GND: https://explore.gnd.network/ (GND-Explorer), https://lobid.org/gnd (lobid-gnd), https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/ (OGND)

Wikidata

Examples

URI	Vorzugsbezeichnung
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133335-4	Offsetdruck [eng: Offset printing <LCSH match>]
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300206846	striking (metalworking)
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300053418	heightening
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300053242	aquatint (printing process)
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4012912-3	Drechseln [eng: Turning (Lathe work) <LCSH match>]
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4153775-0	Fassmalerei [eng: Polychromy <LCSH match>]
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1259197	wood engraving technique
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300053991	plating (metal coating)
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300053400	priming (coating process)
https://d-nb.info/gnd/7511674-1	Tierpräparation [eng.: Taxidermy]

Expression in LIDO v1.0

<lido:eventMaterialsTech>
    <lido:materialsTech>
        <lido:termMaterialsTech lido:type="http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido00131">
		    <lido:conceptID lido:type="http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido00099">https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133335-4</lido:conceptID>
            <lido:term xml:lang="de">Offsetdruck</lido:term>
			<lido:term xml:lang="en">offset printing</lido:term> 
        </lido:termMaterialsTech>
    </lido:materialsTech>
</lido:eventMaterialsTech>

Expression in LIDO v1.1

<lido:eventMaterialsTech>
	<lido:materialsTech>
		<lido:termMaterialsTech lido:type="http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido00131">
			<skos:Concept rdf:about="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133335-4">
				<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="de">Offsetdruck</skos:prefLabel>
			    <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">offset printing</skos:prefLabel> 
			</skos:Concept>
		</lido:termMaterialsTech>
	</lido:materialsTech>
</lido:eventMaterialsTech>

Example of an event-independent technique

<lido:objectMaterialsTechWrap>
    <lido:objectMaterialsTechSet>
        <lido:materialsTech>
		    <lido:termMaterialsTech lido:type="http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido00131">
			    <skos:Concept rdf:about="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133335-4">
				    <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="de">Offsetdruck</skos:prefLabel>
                    <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">offset printing</skos:prefLabel>
                </skos:Concept>
		    </lido:termMaterialsTech>
	    </lido:materialsTech>
    </lido:objectMaterialsTechSet>
</lido:objectMaterialsTechWrap>

Comparison with relevant standards and database models

Standard	Element name	Text/URI	Repeatable	Obligation level	Comment

Standard	Element name	Text/URI	Repeatable	Obligation level	Comment
German Digital Library: Metadata requirements for data provision	(No match)	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable
German Digital Library LIDO application profile (DDB-LIDO)	<eventMaterialsTech> / <materialsTech> / <termMaterialsTech> / <term>	Text (controlled vocabulary) and optional URI	Yes	Not mandatory	Optional labelling: http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido00131 for Techniques
CCC-LIDO Application profile	Material/Techniques <eventMaterialsTech> / <materialsTech> / <termMaterialsTech> / <term> und <conceptID>	Text (controlled vocabulary) and optional URI (AAT)	Yes	Not mandatory
DFG Basic Data Record	(No match)	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not mandatory
DFG Practical Guidelines on Digitisation: LIDO core metadata	Information on materials and techniques relating to event <eventMaterialsTech>	Text (controlled vocabulary) and/or URI	Yes	Mandatory if available	Alternatively, the information on material and/or technology in <objectMaterialsTechWrap> / <objectMaterialsTechSet> is also possible independently of the event.
Europeana Data Model (EDM)	<dcterms:medium>	Text (controlled vocabulary)	Yes	Not mandatory
EODEM application profile	Material Description /lido:objectMaterialsTechWrap/lido:objectMaterialsTechSet/ lido:displayMaterialsTech/	Text	Yes	Recommended
Categories for the Description of Works of Art (2024)	7.5 Materials/Techniques Name	Text (controlled vocabulary)	Yes	Recommended	7.1. Materials/Techniques Description is listed as CORE-Element. Vocabulary recommendation: Art & Architecture Thesaurus or general terms in another controlled vocabulary.
CDWA Lite (2006)	8.1.1 Term Materials Techniques	Text (controlled vocabulary)	Yes	Not mandatory	Vocabulary recommendation: Art & Architecture Thesaurus.
Spectrum 5.1	Technique	Text (controlled vocabulary)	Yes	Not specified	The obligation level is determined by the institution.
digiCULT	Technik [engl.: Technique]	Text (controlled vocabulary) and/or URI	Yes	Recommended
museum-digital	Materials/Technique Technique Keyword (technique)	Text	Yes	Recommended	Materials and techniques can be recorded in museum-digital in different ways: Either in one or in two separate data fields; recently it has also become possible to record them as a "categorised keyword". See this blog post.

ID data element

mds0007